编程中经常需要在程序中使用shell命令来简化程序，这里记录一下。

1. C++ 执行shell命令

1 #include 
     
       2 #include 
      
        3 #include 
       
         4  5 int exec_cmd(std::string cmd, std::string &res){ 6     if (cmd.size() == 0){   //cmd is empty  7         return -1; 8     } 9 10     char buffer[1024] = {
   0};11     std::string result = "";12     FILE *pin = popen(cmd.c_str(), "r");13     if (!pin) { //popen failed 14         return -1;15     }16 17     res.clear();18     while(!feof(pin)){19         if(fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), pin) != NULL){20             result += buffer;21         }22     }23 24     res = result;25     return pclose(pin); //-1:pclose failed; else shell ret26 }27 28 int main(){29     std::string cmd = "ls -ial";30     std::string res;31 32     std::cout << "ret = " << exec_cmd(cmd, res) << std::endl;33     std::cout << res << std::endl;34 35     return 0;36 }
       
      
     

2. Php执行shell命令

1 
     

3. Python执行shell命令

1 import commands2 3 status, output = commands.getstatusoutput('ls -lt')4 5 print status6 print output